In the season of greenhouse vegetable exchange, that is, in the hot season of July, August and September, high-temperature stuffy shed technology is used to ripen soil, increase organic matter content, improve soil structure, and eliminate pathogenic bacteria caused by continuous cropping. Underground pests, and easy to operate, the effect is significant.
High-temperature stuffy shed disinfection method is to close the greenhouse in summer, use the high temperature of the sun and the fumigation of drugs to carry out shed disinfection, generally from early July to late August. This method has low cost, low pollution, simple operation, good effect and easy acceptance by the public.
First, the specific method of high temperature stuffy shed
Soil preparation and fertilization: The land must be leveled, finely ground, and combined with soil fertigation to kill pathogens in organic fertilizers. Application of organic fertilizers, such as chicken manure, pig manure, cow dung, etc., or the use of plant stalks such as corn stalks, straw (cut into small pieces of 3 to 5 cm long), add lime nitrogen. The amount of organic fertilizer is generally 3,000 to 5,000 kilograms, and lime nitrogen is 60 to 100 kilograms per mu. Spread it evenly over the surface of the soil, and then plunge 25-30 cm deep. Organic fertilizers such as chicken manure and dried cow dung have the effect of increasing the temperature of the ground and maintaining the ground temperature, so that the bactericidal effect is better. After the land is well-grounded, it can be ridged or made up and down according to the planting pattern of the crop, so that a small space can be formed between the mulch and the ground, which is conducive to raising the ground temperature.
Irrigation: Dams are made around the shed to be filled with water. The surface of the water is preferably 3 to 5 cm above the ground, covering the old membranes conditionally, shutting off the tuyere of the greenhouse, covering the greenhouse membrane, preventing rainwater from entering, and strictly maintaining the tightness of the greenhouse. The temperature of 10 cm below the surface reaches 70°C, and the temperature of 20 cm exceeds 45°C, achieving the effect of sterilization. The soil moisture content is closely related to the bactericidal effect. If the soil moisture content is too high, it is unfavorable for increasing the ground temperature; if the soil moisture content is too low, it will not achieve a good bactericidal effect. Practice has proved that the best results are obtained when the soil moisture content reaches 60% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field.
Drug treatment: Use chlorinated bitter to cover the soil with plastic film to kill the bacteria in the soil. The method is to inject chlorinated bitter into the iliac crest, 50 cm2 dig a hole, the depth of 10 to 15 cm, 4 ml per hole. In addition, before sealing the greenhouse, the shed's body surface was sprayed with bactericide and insecticide once to kill pathogens and pests hiding in the wall joints.
Closed greenhouses: Double cover with greenhouse membrane and plastic film, strictly maintaining the tightness of the greenhouse. Under such conditions, the maximum ground temperature at 10 cm below the surface can reach 70°C, and the ground temperature at 20 cm can reach above 45°C. High ground temperature sterilization rate of up to 80%.
Disinfection time: Most pathogens are not resistant to high temperatures and can be killed after a short period of heat treatment (about 10 days), such as some pathogens of litter blight, sclerotinia sclerotiorum of cucumber, pathogen of cucumber blight, verticillium wilt of eggplant Bacteria and so on. However, some germs are particularly resistant to high temperatures, such as root rot pathogens, clubroot disease and fusarium wilt pathogens, and some deep-rooted soil bacteria, due to its distribution of deep soil, must be processed for 30 to 50 days to achieve better results. Therefore, when the soil is disinfected, the disinfection time should be determined according to the heat resistance of the crops and their corresponding pathogens in the shed.
Disinfection after treatment:
1. Biological fungus must be added after the high-temperature stuffy shed. If no biological bacterial fertilizer is added, if the bacteria invade the vegetable after colonization, there will be no beneficial bacteria buffering or control of disease development. The vegetables are likely to cause disease in large areas, especially root diseases. Before the colonization of vegetables, the biological bacterial fertilizer was evenly applied to the planting hole at a dose of 80-120 kilograms per acre to protect the rhizosphere environment and enhance the disease resistance of the plants.
2. Solar thermal disinfection works best for soils up to 15 centimeters in depth, and it is less effective for soils that are more than 20 centimeters deep. Therefore, it is best not to plow after soil is sterilized. Even plowing should be limited to 10 centimeters. depth. Otherwise, the bacteria in the soil below will be reverted and recontamination will occur. Although the solar thermal disinfection method can not completely sterilize the greenhouse, but it can significantly reduce the density of bacteria in the field, greatly reducing the incidence of crop disease, the disinfection effect can last for 2 years, so the greenhouse can be disinfected once a year.
Second, the effect of high temperature after the shelter
1. Significantly reduce more than 10 kinds of diseases such as wilt disease, root rot, verticillium wilt, Phytophthora capsici, gray mold, stem rot, and virus disease caused by heavy-planting.
2. Significantly reduce root-knot nematode infestation. For greenhouses with heavy obstacles for continuous cropping, they can basically recover the output and quality of vegetables when they are newly constructed.
3, high temperature stuffy shed, quickly rot organic fertilizer, enrich the nutrients in the soil needed for vegetables, degradation of toxic and harmful components in the soil, especially pesticide residue in the soil, to create favorable conditions for the realization of pollution-free production.
4. Rational application of lime nitrogen can significantly reduce nitrate content in agricultural products, reduce soil acidification, and regulate soil pH.
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